src/Configuration.php

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class Configuration
     /** @var Mode|null The mode in which the library is operating (filled after first connection if not configured) */
     public static ?Mode $mode = null;
 
+    /** @var PDO|null The PDO instance to use for database commands */
+    private static ?PDO $_pdo = null;
+
     /**
      * Retrieve a new connection to the database
      *
@@ -35,21 +38,24 @@ class Configuration
      */
     public static function dbConn(): PDO
     {
-        if (empty(self::$pdoDSN)) {
+        if (is_null(self::$_pdo)) {
-            throw new DocumentException('Please provide a data source name (DSN) before attempting data access');
+            if (empty(self::$pdoDSN)) {
-        }
+                throw new DocumentException('Please provide a data source name (DSN) before attempting data access');
-        $db = new PDO(self::$pdoDSN, $_ENV['PDO_DOC_USERNAME'] ?? self::$username,
+            }
-            $_ENV['PDO_DOC_PASSWORD'] ?? self::$password, self::$options);
+            self::$_pdo = new PDO(self::$pdoDSN, $_ENV['PDO_DOC_USERNAME'] ?? self::$username,
+                $_ENV['PDO_DOC_PASSWORD'] ?? self::$password, self::$options);
 
-        if (is_null(self::$mode)) {
+            if (is_null(self::$mode)) {
-            $driver = $db->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME);
+                $driver = self::$_pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME);
-            self::$mode = match ($driver) {
+                self::$mode = match ($driver) {
-                'pgsql'  => Mode::PgSQL,
+                    'pgsql' => Mode::PgSQL,
-                'sqlite' => Mode::SQLite,
+                    'sqlite' => Mode::SQLite,
-                default  => throw new DocumentException(
+                    default => throw new DocumentException(
-                    "Unsupported driver $driver: this library currently supports PostgreSQL and SQLite")
+                        "Unsupported driver $driver: this library currently supports PostgreSQL and SQLite")
-            };
+                };
+            }
         }
-        return $db;
+
+        return self::$_pdo;
     }
 }

src/Count.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
 use BitBadger\PDODocument\Mapper\CountMapper;
-use PDO;
 
 /**
  * Functions to count documents
@@ -14,13 +13,12 @@ class Count
      * Count all documents in a table
      *
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table in which documents should be counted
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @return int The count of documents in the table
      * @throws DocumentException If one is encountered
      */
-    public static function all(string $tableName, ?PDO $pdo = null): int
+    public static function all(string $tableName): int
     {
-        return Custom::scalar(Query\Count::all($tableName), [], new CountMapper(), $pdo);
+        return Custom::scalar(Query\Count::all($tableName), [], new CountMapper());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -28,16 +26,14 @@ class Count
      *
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table in which documents should be counted
      * @param array|Field[] $fields The field comparison to match
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @param string $conjunction How to handle multiple conditions (optional; defaults to `AND`)
      * @return int The count of documents matching the field comparison
      * @throws DocumentException If one is encountered
      */
-    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, ?PDO $pdo = null,
+    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, string $conjunction = 'AND'): int
-                                    string $conjunction = 'AND'): int
     {
         $namedFields = Parameters::nameFields($fields);
         return Custom::scalar(Query\Count::byFields($tableName, $namedFields, $conjunction),
-            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, []), new CountMapper(), $pdo);
+            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, []), new CountMapper());
     }
 }

src/Custom.php

@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@ class Custom
      *
      * @param string $query The query to be run
      * @param array $parameters The parameters for the query
-     * @param PDO $pdo The database connection on which the query should be run
      * @return PDOStatement The result of executing the query
      * @throws DocumentException If the query execution is unsuccessful
      */
-    public static function runQuery(string $query, array $parameters, PDO $pdo): PDOStatement
+    public static function &runQuery(string $query, array $parameters): PDOStatement
     {
         $debug = defined('PDO_DOC_DEBUG_SQL');
-        $stmt  = $pdo->prepare($query);
+        $stmt  = Configuration::dbConn()->prepare($query);
         foreach ($parameters as $key => $value) {
             if ($debug) echo "<pre>Binding $value to $key\n</pre>";
             $dataType = match (true) {
@@ -77,19 +76,16 @@ class Custom
      * @param string $query The query to be executed (will have "LIMIT 1" appended)
      * @param array $parameters Parameters to use in executing the query
      * @param Mapper<TDoc> $mapper Mapper to deserialize the result
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @return false|TDoc The item if it is found, false if not
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function single(string $query, array $parameters, Mapper $mapper, ?PDO $pdo = null): mixed
+    public static function single(string $query, array $parameters, Mapper $mapper): mixed
     {
         try {
-            $stmt = self::runQuery("$query LIMIT 1", $parameters,
+            $stmt = &self::runQuery("$query LIMIT 1", $parameters);
-                is_null($pdo) ? $actualPDO = Configuration::dbConn() : $pdo);
             return ($first = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) ? $mapper->map($first) : false;
         } finally {
             $stmt = null;
-            if (isset($actualPDO)) $actualPDO = null;
         }
     }
 
@@ -98,16 +94,14 @@ class Custom
      *
      * @param string $query The query to execute
      * @param array $parameters Parameters to use in executing the query
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function nonQuery(string $query, array $parameters, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function nonQuery(string $query, array $parameters): void
     {
         try {
-            $stmt = self::runQuery($query, $parameters, is_null($pdo) ? $actualPDO = Configuration::dbConn() : $pdo);
+            $stmt = &self::runQuery($query, $parameters);
         } finally {
             $stmt = null;
-            if (isset($actualPDO)) $actualPDO = null;
         }
     }
 
@@ -118,18 +112,16 @@ class Custom
      * @param string $query The query to retrieve the value
      * @param array $parameters Parameters to use in executing the query
      * @param Mapper<T> $mapper The mapper to obtain the result
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @return mixed|false|T The scalar value if found, false if not
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
     public static function scalar(string $query, array $parameters, Mapper $mapper, ?PDO $pdo = null): mixed
     {
         try {
-            $stmt = self::runQuery($query, $parameters, is_null($pdo) ? $actualPDO = Configuration::dbConn() : $pdo);
+            $stmt = &self::runQuery($query, $parameters);
             return ($first = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM)) ? $mapper->map($first) : false;
         } finally {
             $stmt = null;
-            if (isset($actualPDO)) $actualPDO = null;
         }
     }
 }

src/Definition.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
-use PDO;
-
 /**
  * Functions to create tables and indexes
  */
@@ -13,13 +11,12 @@ class Definition
      * Ensure a document table exists
      *
      * @param string $name The name of the table to be created if it does not exist
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function ensureTable(string $name, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function ensureTable(string $name): void
     {
-        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Definition::ensureTable($name), [], $pdo);
+        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Definition::ensureTable($name), []);
-        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Definition::ensureKey($name),   [], $pdo);
+        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Definition::ensureKey($name),   []);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -28,11 +25,10 @@ class Definition
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table which should be indexed
      * @param string $indexName The name of the index
      * @param array $fields Fields which should be a part of this index
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function ensureFieldIndex(string $tableName, string $indexName, array $fields, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function ensureFieldIndex(string $tableName, string $indexName, array $fields): void
     {
-        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Definition::ensureIndexOn($tableName, $indexName, $fields), [], $pdo);
+        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Definition::ensureIndexOn($tableName, $indexName, $fields), []);
     }
 }

src/Delete.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
-use PDO;
-
 /**
  * Functions to delete documents
  */
@@ -14,12 +12,11 @@ class Delete
      *
      * @param string $tableName The table from which the document should be deleted
      * @param mixed $docId The ID of the document to be deleted
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId): void
     {
-        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Delete::byId($tableName), Parameters::id($docId), $pdo);
+        Custom::nonQuery(Query\Delete::byId($tableName), Parameters::id($docId));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -27,15 +24,13 @@ class Delete
      *
      * @param string $tableName The table from which documents should be deleted
      * @param array|Field[] $fields The field comparison to match
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @param string $conjunction How to handle multiple conditions (optional; defaults to `AND`)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, ?PDO $pdo = null,
+    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, string $conjunction = 'AND'): void
-                                    string $conjunction = 'AND'): void
     {
         $namedFields = Parameters::nameFields($fields);
         Custom::nonQuery(Query\Delete::byFields($tableName, $namedFields, $conjunction),
-            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, []), $pdo);
+            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, []));
     }
 }

src/Document.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
-use PDO;
-
 /**
  * Functions that apply at a whole document level
  */
@@ -14,12 +12,11 @@ class Document
      *
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table into which the document should be inserted
      * @param array|object $document The document to be inserted
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function insert(string $tableName, array|object $document, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function insert(string $tableName, array|object $document): void
     {
-        Custom::nonQuery(Query::insert($tableName), Parameters::json(':data', $document), $pdo);
+        Custom::nonQuery(Query::insert($tableName), Parameters::json(':data', $document));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -27,12 +24,11 @@ class Document
      *
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table to which the document should be saved
      * @param array|object $document The document to be saved
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function save(string $tableName, array|object $document, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function save(string $tableName, array|object $document): void
     {
-        Custom::nonQuery(Query::save($tableName), Parameters::json(':data', $document), $pdo);
+        Custom::nonQuery(Query::save($tableName), Parameters::json(':data', $document));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -41,12 +37,11 @@ class Document
      * @param string $tableName The table in which the document should be updated
      * @param mixed $docId The ID of the document to be updated
      * @param array|object $document The document to be updated
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function update(string $tableName, mixed $docId, array|object $document, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function update(string $tableName, mixed $docId, array|object $document): void
     {
         Custom::nonQuery(Query::update($tableName),
-            array_merge(Parameters::id($docId), Parameters::json(':data', $document)), $pdo);
+            array_merge(Parameters::id($docId), Parameters::json(':data', $document)));
     }
 }

src/DocumentList.php

@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ class DocumentList
     /**
      * Constructor
      *
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection against which the query was opened
      * @param PDOStatement|null $result The result of the query
      * @param Mapper<TDoc> $mapper The mapper to deserialize JSON
      */
-    private function __construct(private ?PDO $pdo, private ?PDOStatement $result, private Mapper $mapper) { }
+    private function __construct(private ?PDOStatement &$result, private readonly Mapper $mapper) { }
 
     /**
      * Construct a new document list
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ class DocumentList
      */
     public static function create(string $query, array $parameters, Mapper $mapper): static
     {
-        $pdo = Configuration::dbConn();
+        $stmt = &Custom::runQuery($query, $parameters);
-        return new static($pdo, Custom::runQuery($query, $parameters, $pdo), $mapper);
+        return new static($stmt, $mapper);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,6 +49,5 @@ class DocumentList
             while ($row = $this->result->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) yield $this->mapper->map($row);
         }
         $this->result = null;
-        $this->pdo    = null;
     }
 }

src/Exists.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
 use BitBadger\PDODocument\Mapper\ExistsMapper;
-use PDO;
 
 /**
  * Functions to determine if documents exist
@@ -15,13 +14,12 @@ class Exists
      *
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table in which document existence should be determined
      * @param mixed $docId The ID of the document whose existence should be determined
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @return bool True if the document exists, false if not
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId, ?PDO $pdo = null): bool
+    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId): bool
     {
-        return Custom::scalar(Query\Exists::byId($tableName), Parameters::id($docId), new ExistsMapper(), $pdo);
+        return Custom::scalar(Query\Exists::byId($tableName), Parameters::id($docId), new ExistsMapper());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -29,16 +27,14 @@ class Exists
      *
      * @param string $tableName The name of the table in which document existence should be determined
      * @param Field[] $fields The field comparison to match
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @param string $conjunction How to handle multiple conditions (optional; defaults to `AND`)
      * @return bool True if any documents match the field comparison, false if not
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, ?PDO $pdo = null,
+    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, string $conjunction = 'AND'): bool
-                                    string $conjunction = 'AND'): bool
     {
         $namedFields = Parameters::nameFields($fields);
         return Custom::scalar(Query\Exists::byFields($tableName, $namedFields, $conjunction),
-            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, []), new ExistsMapper(), $pdo);
+            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, []), new ExistsMapper());
     }
 }

src/Patch.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
-use PDO;
-
 /**
  * Functions to patch (partially update) documents
  */
@@ -15,13 +13,12 @@ class Patch
      * @param string $tableName The table in which the document should be patched
      * @param mixed $docId The ID of the document to be patched
      * @param array|object $patch The object with which the document should be patched (will be JSON-encoded)
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered (database mode must be set)
      */
-    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId, array|object $patch, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId, array|object $patch): void
     {
         Custom::nonQuery(Query\Patch::byId($tableName),
-            array_merge(Parameters::id($docId), Parameters::json(':data', $patch)), $pdo);
+            array_merge(Parameters::id($docId), Parameters::json(':data', $patch)));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -30,15 +27,14 @@ class Patch
      * @param string $tableName The table in which documents should be patched
      * @param array|Field[] $fields The field comparison to match
      * @param array|object $patch The object with which the documents should be patched (will be JSON-encoded)
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @param string $conjunction How to handle multiple conditions (optional; defaults to `AND`)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, array|object $patch, ?PDO $pdo = null,
+    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, array|object $patch,
                                     string $conjunction = 'AND'): void
     {
         $namedFields = Parameters::nameFields($fields);
         Custom::nonQuery(Query\Patch::byFields($tableName, $namedFields, $conjunction),
-            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, Parameters::json(':data', $patch)), $pdo);
+            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, Parameters::json(':data', $patch)));
     }
 }

src/RemoveFields.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BitBadger\PDODocument;
 
-use PDO;
-
 /**
  * Functions to remove fields from documents
  */
@@ -15,14 +13,13 @@ class RemoveFields
      * @param string $tableName The table in which the document should have fields removed
      * @param mixed $docId The ID of the document from which fields should be removed
      * @param array|string[] $fieldNames The names of the fields to be removed
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId, array $fieldNames, ?PDO $pdo = null): void
+    public static function byId(string $tableName, mixed $docId, array $fieldNames): void
     {
         $nameParams = Parameters::fieldNames(':name', $fieldNames);
         Custom::nonQuery(Query\RemoveFields::byId($tableName, $nameParams),
-            array_merge(Parameters::id($docId), $nameParams), $pdo);
+            array_merge(Parameters::id($docId), $nameParams));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -31,16 +28,15 @@ class RemoveFields
      * @param string $tableName The table in which documents should have fields removed
      * @param array|Field[] $fields The field comparison to match
      * @param array|string[] $fieldNames The names of the fields to be removed
-     * @param PDO|null $pdo The database connection to use (optional; will obtain one if not provided)
      * @param string $conjunction How to handle multiple conditions (optional; defaults to `AND`)
      * @throws DocumentException If any is encountered
      */
-    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, array $fieldNames, ?PDO $pdo = null,
+    public static function byFields(string $tableName, array $fields, array $fieldNames,
                                     string $conjunction = 'AND'): void
     {
         $nameParams  = Parameters::fieldNames(':name', $fieldNames);
         $namedFields = Parameters::nameFields($fields);
         Custom::nonQuery(Query\RemoveFields::byFields($tableName, $namedFields, $nameParams, $conjunction),
-            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, $nameParams), $pdo);
+            Parameters::addFields($namedFields, $nameParams));
     }
 }